The first attempt in Dec 1862 was largely unopposed. The county was served by several stage lines with rented hacks and carriages in the early days. In Chickasaw Co, political parties were operating through clubs. As more and more white settlers arrived, the struggle The French and British also occupied Chickasaw lands during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It was first known as Rose Hill, but renamed Okolona when it was discovered that there was already another town in MS known as Rose Hill and the original Rose Hill had already been granted a post office under that name. School at Troy, Pontotoc Co, in 1884. They proposed to meet and end the Chickasaw "problem" forever. court house are all that remain. The property consists With the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and the weakness of his successor, Andrew Johnson; tragic consequences existed for the Southerners. The school was originally founded as the MS Normal High The TN Valley Authority brought cheap electricity to the rural areas of the county and changed life on the farms forever. Nevertheless, Chickasaw Co had a number of churches. locally owned hospital until 1980 when it was sold to Brookwood Hospital Management Corporation of Birmingham. Only about 29 percent of farmers owned their own land. Around this time, oil was discovered in Chickasaw Co. Local residents were excited by the reports made from time to time by the men in charge of the test wells. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in Chickasaw Co. A highlight of the event was the presence and participation of Overton James, Governor of the Chickasaw nation, and his The state of MS and the county of Chickasaw did not achieve the wealth and culture that they had enjoyed before the war, but they had begun to prosper again. 1%, about 6,000. Much of its trade had been taken over by West Point and its male Martin later built another church about three miles of Houston. During the early twentieth century canals were constructed to provide needed drainage and make the county's rich bottom land available for cultivation. President Johnson appointed William Sharkey, a former supreme court justice, as governor of MS. Sharkey was well respected in the state and his appointment was well received by the citizens of Chickasaw Co. Gov. Crops must be diversified with less emphasis on cotton and more emphasis on animal husbandry. The local churches planned a community wide prayer service which was to commence when word was received that the troops had hit the beaches. The county's first church was a Baptist church built in 1835 in the southwestern part of the county by the family. 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. If the surname is found, they can then view the The troops seized and burned the books on the spot. 7,338 whites, 1 "free colored" and 9,087 slaves. The old Methodist Church bell Located in north-central Mississippi, Chickasaw County possesses a notable number of creeks and lakes and is traversed by both the Yalobusha and Tombigbee Rivers. In 1872 Clay and Webster Counties annexed portions of Chickasaw. In 1862, Tucker was commissioned colonel and was named Brigadier General in 1864. He entered the service as a captain with the Chickasaw Guards, Co H, 11th Infantry; the company being mustered at Houston on Mar 9, 1861. The raising of beef cattle and dairying were coming into greater importance. Farming operations were smaller and a new system known as share-cropping came into being. The formal boundaries for the City of Houston encompass a land area of 7.38 sq. Martin renamed the paper "The Southern because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. To conserve electricity, "brown-outs" were a regular practice. Another story is told of a small pox epidemic originating with the bone barriers. They were unaccustomed to assuming responsibility for their simplest needs and was faced with the same basic problem as his former owner; a lack of life's Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage The new county seat was named Houston in honor of the TX hero Major General Sam Houston, a close friend of Pinson's . Scattered Ku Klux Klan violence occurred in response to black political involvement, especially at voting sites. Chickasaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Homes, farms and businesses that had been destroyed or damaged had been rebuilt or renovated. This ladies and gentlemen, is caressingly termed -- a tractor." supreme sacrifice. Superintendent of Houston High School, L. B. Reid, was instrumental in securing the state's first Carnegie Library in 1909. At numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. In 1840 Chickasaw was home to 2,148 free whites, 1 free African American, and 806 slaves. miles. Fifteen companies of Infantry and Calvary, a total of 1,875 men, were furnished the Confederacy by the county. The location of the plant was ideal to attract personnel from Okolona, Houston and other smaller communities in Chickasaw Co as well as Aberdeen, West Point and other nearby The countys industrial force was also growing, employing 224 workers in 1930. Chickasaw was considered among the states postbellum black districts, as following the war its political boundaries were redrawn to ensure the election of African American candidates. Easily find plantation land for sale in Calhoun County County Mississippi at LANDFLIP.com. There were six lawyers and six doctors in the town. But the demand for milk needed for soldiers stationed at Camp McCain in Grenada necessitated the creation of Grade A dairies. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders By 1900 the countys population had grown to almost twenty thousand, and in 1909 the county constructed Mississippis first Carnegie Library in Houston. Churches, civic clubs, home demonstration cubs and private citizens participated in activities to help in the war effort. These men met near Old Houlka at the home of Malcolm Magee, a half-breed Indian. That year corn sold as low as 15 cents a bushel. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 Before Location within the U.S. state of Mississippi Mississippi's location within the U.S. Coordinates: 3355N 8857W / 33.92N 88.95W / 33.92; of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. Property owners in the county suffered losses on many fronts as a result of the war, especially in the destruction of the countys economic infrastructure. enumeration of the transcribed slaveholders. 7%. The neighboring town of Vardaman in Calhoun Co. claims the title "Sweet Potato Capitol of the World", but the farmers of Chickasaw County's "Flatwoods" country found that the country was fit for growing a great deal more than timber and providing pastureland for These counties are: Pontotoc, Lee, Montgomery, Clay, Webster, and During the 1840s, the rich prairie lands had been settled and improved and the plantation system was well established. The slaves on the smaller farms, who were likely to have worked with the master and his sons, remained faithful to their There were several partially successful attempts throughout the war to destroy the M & O Railroad in Chickasaw Co. The last U.S. census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding The Democrat Clubs were made up of native white Southerners and clashes between the two groups were frequently violent, especially at election As in much of Mississippi, most of Chickasaws antebellum congregants attended Baptist or Methodist churches. 100th anniversary were immediately canceled. Another building was built to house an elementary grades of the Houston Municipal system and was located on the southeast corner of Madison and Starkville. The officials of Chickasaw Co attempted to levy funds for the relief of wives and widows and the children of the soldiers. This school served both male and female students from grade one to college. Chisca and his brother, Chocta, were among the band of Indians said to have descended, or at least are related to the Toltecs of Mexico. ONLY OLD PICTURES OVER 50 YEARS OLD OR OLDER AROUND HOUSTON, CHICKASAW COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI. Two volumes that were overlooked when the records were loaded from the This group of people have been a varied group of many races and creeds who have given their allegiance to five flags.All these people originated in other areas and came to the area looking for new opportunities and a better way of life. Rev. At the end of the war and the beginning of the Reconstruction period, large bands of wandering blacks became the rule. According to local tradition, he camped near the present day In 1930 Chickasaws population of 20,835 was almost evenly divided between white and African American residents. Gas stations as such were yet to be and fuel for automobiles was bought at the local drug stores. The hospital moved to a new and larger building in 1957 and soon afterward the old building was torn down. White settlers arriving in Chickasaw country from the north and east were hungry for land. increase in colored population of almost double between 1860 and 1870, growing to over 50,000, so likely that is where Pontotoc soon afterward. Their first effort was to organize the farmers to achieve the highest possible food production. The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data Orleans County in Louisiana saw an Slaves were SOURCES. Others soon joined them. rule. Nestled in the hills of Chickasaw County, MS, these 188.65 acres located in Sections 7 and 8, T13S, R3E, offer both timber and recreational investment opportunities. 8. They traveled north and east and after each day's journey, they would "plant" the stick in the ground by the campfire. Hogs were Most families in the county had suffered losses of loved ones and material goods during the war and Reconstruction. Economy was in a state of collapse; once prosperous farms and plantations lay in ruins; crops had been destroyed and most of the stock had been stolen or driven away. As one of the few practical actions of the Reconstruction period, this move established Chickasaw Co as one of the few counties in the nation with two county Early newspapers included "The Houston State Advocate", the first county paper. Learn more. % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind When Franklin Roosevelt took office as president in 1933, controlled inflation was instituted to make money more plentiful. the Concord Academy was founded by G. S. Gorasty about 1849 and located on Pontotoc Ridge seven miles north of Houston. who lived through World War II are unable to remember where he or she was or what they were doing when word came on Sunday, Dec 7, 1941 that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. During the War Between the States, all industry in Chickasaw Co was wiped out. The new town of Houston was well supplied with professional men; having thirteen doctors and twenty-three lawyers in 1860. In the 1940s, dairying grew in importance. Before 1830, most white men coming into this area were explorers, adventurers, and traders. Local Indians were friendly. If an Smaller but still significant numbers of congregants attended the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Presbyterian Church. In 1870, a brick building to house this school was built. It was owned and run by a Mr. Lancaster who later sold it to Thomas N. Martin. It would be during the 1960s before the blacks would recover their participation in the electoral process. Probably no period in the county's history produced more changes than the 1960s and 1970s. Slaves then constituted 55 percent of the population, and Chickasaw County planters and farmers pursued mixed agriculture, concentrating on corn and livestock as well as the cash crop of cotton. for land intensified. During the pre-war period only about one-third of the MS population was affiliated with a church or religion. Industry began making a comeback during the last of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. A second law passed five days later named John Defacement, Richard Elliot, Thomas Ivy, Thomas Gates and Benjamin Anderson as commissioners for the purpose of organizing the county. In 1907 bids were let for the construction of a new courthouse in Houston. Following the construction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad through Chickasaw in 1859, the countys main sphere of commercial activity shifted from Houston to Okolona. Vestiges of the countys earliest documented culture, belonging to the Paleo-Indians known as the Hopewells, can be seen at the Bynum Mound and Village Site near Houston. They elected J. T Griffin and T. S. Evans, Whigs who had ron on the Union party ticket, as delegates to a state convention held in Jackson to "redress grievances". In July 1920, the new hospital was opened and located on the northeast corner of N. Jackson and Depot Streets; the site of the old Jamison home. It was here that the ancestral remains were buried in the huge burial mound known as Nanih Waiya.There are several accounts on the brothers Chisca and Chocta and their respective followers on their parting of ways. The county is named for the Chickasaw people, who lived in this area for hundreds of years. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. In 1850 a coalition of six Democrats and six Whigs met at the courthouse in Houston and drafted a set of resolutions. The palatial dwelling on Windsor plantation, near Bethel Church in the southwestern part of the county, burned to the ground last Monday. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Chickasaw County, Mississippi (NARA microfilm series M653, Upon Other train crops and various legumes were also grown. On Jan 5, 1861, MS became the second state to secede from the Union and the stars and bars became the fifth flag to fly over Chickasaw Co. A new and tragic chapter in the history of Chickasaw Co began. Returning soldiers were dispirited by defeat and broken in mind and body. Eventually the section from Gibson to Hwy 45 at Aberdeen was paved. In 1853, the Democrats split in earnest at their state convention. Confederate soldiers and officials at first were denied the vote and the blacks had a clear majority and elected black candidates to public office. it is beyond the scope of this transcription. such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves, and the transcriber did not find any such information on the The war lasted only three years, but twenty-one of Chickasaw County's men gave their lives in this conflict. In the 1920s, business was good. In Dec 1864, a final effort against the railroad pitted the troops of General Grierson against Confederate General Gholson at the Battle of Egypt. At the end of the war and the beginning of the Reconstruction, coffee was made by parching potato skins and other similar substances. slaveholder in each County. However, their efforts failed and resulted Under the 1831 Treaty of Pontotoc, these lands became available for purchase from the Chickasaw Tribe and were quickly incorporated into the United States. Two efforts were made by the British to improve the government of the Chickasaw nation. Meetings were held by most churches in the county and were well attended. Reprints of this book and Vol II may still be available. On Feb 9, 1986 Chickasaw Co celebrated her 159th anniversary. Later the Chickasaw people returned the county's hospitality by inviting a group from Chickasaw, Pontotoc and Lee counties to participate in the Chickasaw nation's Silver Centennial and dedication of the Chickasaw Nation Memorial Gardens on the campus of Murray State College in Tishomingo, OK. Under the presidency of Andrew Jackson, the Indians were finally driven from Chickasaw Co. Jackson passed through the area on his return from the Battle of New Orleans in Feb 1813. As it turned out, the invasion began at 3:00 AM Houston time and almost everyone slept through the ringing of the bell. The Hopewell people were fascinated with death and attached great importance to the manner of burial. PURPOSE. Vestiges of the (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was Chickasaw County is located in the northeast area of the state. Chickasaw Co experienced a drug problem among its young people. Turnpikes and The ladies promoted the sale of Liberty Bonds and worked with the Red Cross preparing "comfort bags" for the departing men and knitting socks and "wristlets". Denominations represented in Okolona during this period were Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Cumberland Presbyterian and Roman Catholic. Houlka, originally an Indian village, is Chickasaw Co's oldest town. Easily find plantation land for sale in Chickasaw County Mississippi at LANDFLIP.com. In 1904, the spur was completed linking Houston with the M & O Railroad which had been rebuilt. LandWatch has hundreds of rural properties and land for sale in Chickasaw County. soldiers burned the depot and Rose Gate College, which was being used by the Confederate government as a military hospital. The boundaries of five counties link with Chickasaw Co. These farms tended to be smaller than average for the state, while the countys percentage of farms run by sharecroppers (36 percent) was higher than average. In 1905 the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad came to Houston. With most of the county's able bodied men gone in the war, the day to day responsibilities fell to the old men, women, children and slaves. to town to try their hand at occupations other than farming. The war had encouraged more agricultural productivity and more scientific methods of cultivation had been introduced. Based on recent LandWatch data, Chickasaw County ranks 68th among the 82 counties in the state for the Confederates broke through Smith's forces and moved about five miles west of the town where they made another stand. In the fall, a farmer might sell his crop at the same place where he bought his supplies. Other county officers were selected on May 6 & 7, 1836. Several wells were drilled in the northwestern part of the county, but were later capped or abandoned. Gen. Ord, commanding the AR/MS district ordered another constitutional convention in Dec 1867. Limited number of street lights in each community were burned at one time and local users were strongly urged to practice conversation in their electrical use in businesses and homes. These stores sold medicines; but also carried a wide variety of alcoholic beverages. addressed in this transcription. what is now Calhoun Co. Two other early roads, one between Houston and Pontotoc and another that connected Houston and Aberdeen were built. called and Chickasaw Co proceeded to elect officials. However, a small but significant Latino/Hispanic minority had emerged. The following information is based on excerpts from the "History of Chickasaw Co, Vol I" published by the Chickasaw Co Historical and Genealogical Society, Copyright 1985. This invasion was a part of the campaign against Vicksburg. This request was refused and this date is generally taken as the end of Reconstruction in Chickasaw Co, as well as other parts of MS. Its fertile valleys have for years yielded astonishing crops. The slavery issue significantly changed both parties and eventually destroyed the Whig party. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. There were some questions as to whether this would help the situation, but the merchants were eager to get on the band wagon. of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Anti-slavery agitation in the north Chickasaw Co voters, in both parties, began to grow around the late 1840s. If copied, this copyright notice must appear with the information. After reaching the area which is now Winston Co, the stick no longer leaned after being "planted" by the campfire. U.S. These counties are: Pontotoc, Lee, Montgomery, Clay, Webster, and Calhoun. slaveholder. These schools offered a wide variety of subjects including the sciences, philosophy, Greek and Latin. D'Artagnette and his group arrived at the proposed meeting place and decided not to wait for Bienville and his men. To avoid exposure, Klan leaders from Okolona would conduct their business in West Chickasaw Co and their Houston neighbors would cross the creek when called upon to return the favor in the eastern section of the county. Webster/Chickasaw Co line and continued north through Chickasaw Co on the Natchez Trace. James Martin. Whigs were faced with the choice of joining with the Democrats or the newly formed American Party. * For Abbott & Co, "These Negroes are employed on that division of the Mobile & Ohio Rail Road lying in this County". Goode's Circuit Clerk duties were performed by his deputy Adam Kerr Craig. Based on recent LandWatch data, Chickasaw County ranks 68th among the 82 counties in the state for force, Smith retreated toward Okolona where he made a stand. quickly reached a high pitch. Lochinvar is an antebellum home near Pontotoc, Mississippi built by Robert Gordon ca. Patriot" and in 1854, the paper's name was changed again to " The Southern Argus" by its new owner, Jehu A. Orr. Cotton was the main crop; but corn was grown as food for both man and beast. Okolona soon became an important lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate Also in 1930, Federal assistance in the form of reduced freight rates for emergency shipments of food and other relief to the needy began. In 1894, the enrollment was 451 and five different states and forty MS counties were represented in the student body. One was at the Augusta Council in 1763; the other at the Mobile Council in 1765 in Mobile. Some or part of these counties were formed from land originally a Twenty years later, only 220 people were still involved in agriculture, while more than half of the workforce, almost 5,000 people, held manufacturing positions, largely in timber and textiles. Another twenty years passed and another Frenchman, Vandruil, attempted to crush the Chickasaw nation. pages 385B and 388, who were shown in Division 2. Okolona was incorporated in 1850 and by 1859 had three hotels, six dry goods stores, two drug stores, a jewelry store, two livery stables, a funeral parlor, candy, toy and liquor establishments. slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. However, they encountered Confederate troops at Palo alto and the Union forces were turned north toward Okolona. Browser, which is a very detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at Several stores and a post office were built and the little town thrived. In Aug 1836 a survey was conducted and lots in the new town sold quickly and enough money was made available for the construction of a brick court house on the town square and a jail to be located one block to the north. Although this amendment was not ratified and become law until Aug 26, 1920; one of the first instances of women voting took place in Houlka, Chickasaw Co. College". D. D. Dendy of the board of Supervisors; R. S. Mitchell, County Agent and George D. Riley, County Superintendent of Education formed a committee and met White land owners also successfully applied economic pressure by refusing to employ blacks who voted, or who voted Republican. Quest's CD "African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census", available through Heritage Quest at communities. The generations, races and Chickasaw Countians from all walks of life came together in 1976 for the nation's Bi-Centennial festivities. Houston : Chickasaw County : MS Sartain's Heritage Properties Located eight tenths of a mile north of Highway 8 on paved County Road 424, this 74.44 acres offers 30 acres of Nestled in the hills of Chickasaw County, MS, these 188.65 acres located in Sections 7 and 8, T13s, R3e, offer both timber and recreational investment opportunities. By the end of the decade, Houston and Okolona boasted of paved streets in the downtown areas and all main roads in the county Chickasaw County is located in the northeast area of the state. General Chalmers stopped Smith at the Houlka bottom north of Houston Assuming that he was facing a much larger As late as the 1880s, blacks were serving in the state legislature; but passage of laws favoring white supremacy, along with economic pressure, eroded their participation in the electoral process. A young Scotsman who was trying to start a school for former slaves at Sparta was one of the casualties of the time. In 1850, the Okolona Female College opened its doors and continued operation through the war. Chickasaw Co, as other counties throughout the south, was under military rule and the existing governemt was under martial law and enforced by Federal troops. The Chickasaw people, for whom the county is named, left marks on the area that endure to this day The word "Chickasaw" means "Rebellion" or "He-Who-Walks-Away" and is supposedly a derivative of the name of the Indian leader, Chicka. These re-drawn boundaries are those of present day Chickasaw Co. necessities. The French viewed the Chickasaw Indians as a "troublesome" people and were determined to wipe them out. By 1960 Chickasaw Countys population had dropped below 17,000, and almost two-thirds of residents were white. Some of the families left the area completely and others moved 1836. In 1910, a small insect from Mexico appeared for the first time in Chickasaw Co and this small insect, the boll weevil would force diversification. His forces were also defeated, though they were superior in arms and numbers to the Chickasaw braves. [1] Its county seats are Houston and Okolona. Community Christmas trees were sponsored in these two towns throughout the 1930s. Travel across the bottom lands of Houlka and Chuquantonchee Creeks was very difficult and sometimes impossible during the rainy season. This failed by eight votes. The death toll for Chickasaw Co during Buy. Visit Chickasaw Country to plan your trip to south-central Oklahoma and find information on attractions, hotels, events, restaurants, and more. population was decimated by the war. in three decisive defeats at the hands of the Indians. Chickasaw County Historical and Genealogical Society. http://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/chickasaw-county/, Written by Mississippi Encyclopedia Staff. valorem taxes. Presumably some men from Chickasaw Co served in the Spanish-American War in 1896, but no casualties are listed and no records of Chickasaw County's participation are available. Lowndes and Warren Counties in Mississippi saw increases of 6,000 and 8,000, but no other Mississippi held by a total of 646 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. Very few people Other county banks managed to hold firm. Chickasaw also saw a rise in industrial activity during this era, and its agricultural economy moved away from cotton cultivation toward livestock. Written by Mississippi Encyclopedia Staff find plantation land for sale in Calhoun county... Different States and forty MS counties were represented in Okolona during this period Methodist. Broken in mind and body year corn sold as low as 15 cents a.... Management Corporation of Birmingham have still been living in the northwestern part of the nineteenth century early... 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