I love it. The fight was filmed by an onlooker in Porto ahead of the European Cup final. Still feel part of the biggest influence in their life that has outgrown them, but theyve not outgrown it. Sykes' father and commanding officer in the Royal Navy were in court for the case. Manchester murderer found in Scotland weeks after going on the run from prison, 'Dangerous' Paul Gerrard absconded from HMP Kirkham last month. "I lived in a flat in Leigh and had the use of several luxury cars, including a Maserati. You should expect us in your inbox every Friday. It gives you a lot of cachet with hooligans.". Meetings & Agendas Pay Water Bill Careers Report an Issue Contact Us. Two killed by 'armed' chickens: Men bleed to death after being sliced by knives fixed to roosters at Law student, 26, was told 'you sound like you're feeling a bit sorry for yourself' by nurse before dying, Safety first! 14,99. Its fight or flight.". Although most hooligan activity has settled since the height of the 80s and 90s, Stoke has been involved in notable recent incidents. By taking these predators off our streets we are also effectively removing the funds they might plough into further criminality such as firearms or drugs.'. During the Kenilworth Road riot, the Bushwackers were involved in ripping out seats, smashing windows at pubs and newsagents throughout Luton, throwing projectiles at Luton supporters which included bottles, nails, cans and coins and police dogs having to help clear the pitch. After going undercover to nail a Liverpool-based heroin dealer, Garry sat down for a face to face meeting, posing as a Salford villain. All rights reserved. His co-defendant Sykes was seen running down Grey Mare Lane wearing a 'skeleton bandana' over his face. In the 2019/20 season, Stoke City supporters had the highest number of football banning orders in England. - Just Another Football Blog, Celtic vs Rangers: All You Need to Know About the Old Firm Game, DEVASTATION: 6 English Bankrupt Football Clubs. During the 2000 UEFA Cup Final and as revenge for the stabbing of two Leeds United fans by a Galatasaray fan in the UEFA Cup semi-final, The Herd led a unified attack on Galatasaray fans with hooligan firms representing Chelsea, Cardiff City, Swansea, Leeds, Rangers and Linfield. Please logout and login again. Francis, whose last conviction was for violent disorder in 1998, later admitted charges of illegal money lending, money laundering, production of cannabis and abstracting electricity. Judge Anthony Cross QC told them: "It' a real tragedy to see young men from good homes in this situation. He was then seen to pick up two cans of soft drinks before throwing them in turn at the shop window although they both bounced off. Watch popular content from the following creators: BrandonsJourney(@brandonsjourney_), hooligans . The actress made a brief appearance on screens on Sunday night as the ITV skating show returned. But Garry didn't quit, and went on to serve for five years, putting his life on the line as a key member of an elite team who were seen as the last resort when conventional police investigations had failed. So he punched him - except he had a Philips screwdriver in his hand at the time. Get breaking news first on the free Manchester Evening News app - download it here for your Apple or Android device. Everything is lost, he's a bankrupt, he's got nothing. The story of his rise and fall is a murder mystery wrapped in a history lesson wrapped inside a sweaty, ecstasy-fueled rave. "l can honestly say it frightened me to death and made me seriously question if this was for me.". The gang presumed it was their cash arriving. A lot of clashes before Champions League Final between Chelsea and Manchester City. The discovery led to an investigation which revealed Francis was illegally lending money to 390 people. In 1982 Millwall chairman Alan Thorne even threatened to close the club because of fan violence. 'We are continuing to crack down on illegal money lending and bringing those who break the law to justice. Millwalls fanbase was traditionally made up of dockworkers. Man Utd return to Premier League action on Wednesday evening as they take on Crystal Palace. Two years ago a firm of United hooligans went on the rampage in the streets around City's Etihad Stadium. Another incident was soon forthcoming: on 20 September 1986 Leeds United hooligans overturned and immolated a fish and chip van at Odsal Stadium , the temporary home of Bradford City following the . Beaming Queen Consort Camilla visits the University of Aberdeen as she returns to Take note, Prince Harry! Needham refused to answer questions while Sykes denied committing any offence and claimed he had been the victim of an assault. The Spanish newspaper explain: Remember that in theautumn of 2015 with the visit of Manchester City, inthe Arenal neighbourhoodthere was a massive fight between English ultrasand Sevilla. March 3 & 4 / Casino Arizona / Scottsdale, Arizona S. Mar 11, 11pm-12am / Totally 80's Bar & Grill / City TBD, California S. April 21 / Orange Show / San Bernardino, California S. April 28 / Holy Name of Mary Church / San Dimas, California J. A group of about 400 French supporters were escorted to the ground by police at around 6pm and there was a clash between rival fans on Church Street in the Northern Quarter, although Sykes and Needham weren't involved at that stage, said the prosecutor. Meanwhile, to buy crack cocaine from dealers in Liverpool's Toxteth district he set himself up as a rough and ready landscape gardener. Let's take a look at the biggest hooligan clubs in England and their associated firms. City of Fullerton. Police seized CCTV from the shop and identified the two defendants, who had fled the scene. Every other Friday. Is football hooliganism on the rise because of the distance between fans and clubs? Leeds United: The Most Hated Football Club in the World? During the 1974-75 season when Manchester United played one season in the Second Division, the Red Army caused chaos across the country where away support would sometimes outnumber home support. The entire gang were arrested and put on remand in Strangeways. In 2004, 93 fans were arrested following riots against rivals Southampton, including a 10-year old boy who became the youngest ever hooligan to be convicted in the UK. The court heard children were among those who were nearby when the violence erupted. And then one of the most feared moves by hooligans and that of Liverpool and Everton. "On one operation the main target's henchman had a sawn off shotgun in the office and posed the above question, stating what he would do with it. The M.E.N. And the two men whose e-fit images were shown had an uncanny resemblance to the undercover officers. Bradley Holden, 24, celebrated whe Man United play Crystal Palace in the Premier League on Wednesday and we'll bring you updates from the match in our live blog. Mr Blakebrough said the Lyons fans had been 'targeted by a large group of City supporters'. Les auteurs prsums sont des hooligans du PAOK Salonique. Millwall Bushwackers (Millwall) Inter City Firm (West Ham) Service Crew (Leeds United) The Zulu Warriors (Birmingham City) Chelsea Headhunters (Chelsea) The Herd (Arsenal) Soul Crew (Cardiff City) 6.57 Crew (Portsmouth) Naughty Forty - N40 (Stoke City) Omega's success in football prompted GMP to rethink its approach to undercover work and it became the Covert Operations Department. The pair were part of a group who threw shopping baskets and soft-drinks cans at rival fans who they cornered inside a convenience store close to the ground. Six arrests were made after scuffles. ", "I'd built up a good relationship with the owner of the gym and occasionally I would take stuff into him that we'd bought legitimately but which I was selling at a price which suggested it was stolen.". Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. A number of others caught in the same investigation were sentencedalongside Francis. In an FA Cup away match against Luton Town in 1985, the Millwall Bushwackers were involved in one of the worst incidents of football hooliganism in English football. One of the Italian fans was wounded with a knife and was very serious for several weeks.. Garry was on the phone talking about other big time deals and mischief. The Service Crew are a Leeds United associated football firm founded in 1974. The footage captured him throwing a shopping basket at the shop but it bounced off the window and hit him before another City fan pushed him in the back, sending him to the ground where he was seen to be kicked by rival Lyon supporters while on the floor. Are the Citizens, for all their money and swashbuckling signings, a club with a fan base still connected deeply with their Manchester roots, the footballing roots of the 1970s and 80s? I love it. It's important to recognise that illegal money lenders are not a community service and that this type of activity is exploiting the vulnerable. Sykes led a 'second charge' of City fans which forced the Lyon fans inside the convenience store and more baskets were thrown into the shop. The main rivalries of The Herd are with firms of London clubs West Ham, Tottenham, Chelsea and Millwall. Needham was seen at the rear of a group of City supporters who 'surged' towards the shop, the court was told. The incident happened at ONeills Irish bar in the Spanish city where around 40 City fans were enjoying a drink the night just before the game. highest number of football banning orders in England. Get the latest Man City news, injury updates, fixtures, player signings and much more right here. Description This Manchester City officially licensed vintage plaid Hooligan hat features team logo with embroidery on front and embroidery on back. "It worked in our favour, gave us credibility - something we could talk about - even with targets - at other games. Someone told me a woman had been put in an ambulance. Sheffield Wednesday v Manchester City On the same day Sheffield United were away at Millwall. The 26-year old fan who follows City all around Europe added, The City fans were pretty scared. Clashes were a weekly occurrence with fences erected to try and separate rival firms. "This type of Policing technique is the last tool in the police toolbox and was only used when all other options had been exhausted. 'He's 56, it's going to be hard time served. Both were handed three-year football banning orders, which prohibits them from attending matches. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. Restaurant responds after couple's claim they were surrounded by waiters who 'wanted to fight them'. Marcus Rashford has scored 16 goals in 26 games for Manchester United in all competitions this season. Bosses say they will take 'swift action' to ensure 'our future guests receive exemplary service and product'. The Service Crew were one of the most notorious firms not only in England, but in Europe. The main rivals of the Service Crew are: The Service Crew were involved in a major disturbance after the 1975 European Cup finals. Man City's firm are known as The Guvnors. Man City Hooligans. They stole a huge amount of helmets, and leather motorcycle suits - which they offered to Garry. By the north-east quadrant, a . Be the first one to comment on this story. "l just stood against a wall whilst all this was going on around me to gather my thoughts and l saw the lad at the side of me get hit in the face by a rock and he fell to the ground. "That gave him an instant bond with us. Le procs de douze hommes accuss d'avoir tu un jeune supporter Thessalonique s'est ouvert ce mercredi. BRAWL: Manchester United and Manchester City fans fight two years ago near the Ethiad (Image: GETTY/ YOUTUBE) Police haven't ruled out keeping away supporters behind after the match if trouble flares before kick-off. Keep tabs on all of the latest news, views and Man United transfer rumours with our dedicated blog updates. "Posing as yobs they infiltrated the military style higher ranks of thugs in Italy as they made plans to attack rival fans. Contact Us. Entdecke RED ARMY ( Manchester United ) Bandera flag bandiera Ultra hooligans ultras fans in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Created By . Fans following Jose Mourinhos team are alsocongregating around ONeills and will surely hope the big police effort is more about stopping them being attacked than rough treatment of the travelling support, as Liverpool and others have experienced. Manchester United hooligans were packed into the Grey Parrot pub in Hulme. Contents 1 Belgium 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Bulgaria 4 Croatia 5 Czech Republic 6 Denmark 7 England 8 Finland 9 France 10 Germany 11 Hungary 12 Indonesia El Desmarque even published a video of what happened. More than 3,000 mourners attended his funeral in 2007 including several ex-players. In a Sardinian bar he was presented by locals with a drinks tray embossed with the face of Telly Savalas, so convincing was his 'Kojak' look. It showed 'an element of pre-planning', said the prosecutor. "Because of the amount of people there it was not immediately realised who was involved in the attack but as they ran away it soon became apparent who was," Garry says. An estimate 1000+ crowd had been involved in the riot with almost 100 policemen injured. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. "The Carabinieris armed riot squads effectively charged the rampaging English fans and due to the mayhem, confusion, and tear gas l became isolated from my group," he says. Hour-by-hour forecast as Met Office issues new weather warning, The Met Office has predicted a cold and frosty start for many areas in the North West, 'I'm a Greater Manchester nurse. Manchester murderer found in Scotland weeks after going on the run from prison, 'Dangerous' Paul Gerrard absconded from HMP Kirkham last month. The official fan page of Manchester City Hooligans Jeremy Hunt is mocked over toe-curling 'inflation explainer' video by ordering How much will YOUR broadband go up in price? 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Hours. Contact Us. Sykes was said to be doing well in the Royal Navy and Needham a swimming pool engineer. In one sting to catch Manchester drug dealers he posed as 'Garry McAlinden', a criminal who was opening a new wine bar under a railway arch near the city's legendary Hacienda Club. Discover short videos related to manchester city hooligans on TikTok. On Tuesday evening, El Desmarque reported therell be a big policing effort for Manchester Uniteds visit to the city because of previous problems with Manchester City and Juventus. Manchester United hero pinpoints biggest change with 'best player' Marcus Rashford. Rishi Sunak says he is 'ensuring the safety of women and children' by blocking Scottish gender law as SNP Eight-year-old Indian heiress to 50million diamond firm gives up her fortune to become a NUN in strict Grandson of legendary circus showman Billy Smart racked up 9million in debt and had to sleep in his car Former Man United star looks unrecognisable as he has pint with a fan in a Manchester pub but can you Farmer, 71, who appeared on BBC documentary This Farming Life is killed by one of his own cows. He was 17 stone, shaved his head, dressed in an array of shellsuits, and had an earring in each ear. Related:The 6 Most Hated Football Clubs in England. published footage of the clash in a story about the violence following the game. In 2018 at an under-21s game in the Checkatrade Trophy against local rivals Port Vale, violent fighting took place in the streets and inside the stadium. We let the target think we were responsible for shooting dead a victim in an armed robbery. In 1985 a 14-year-old boy died at St Andrews stadium when a wall collapsed, tumbling as a result of Leeds fans being pushed up against the wall by police. ", BBC Hairy Bikers' fans left disappointed as Si King and Dave Myers issue 'sad' series update despite complaints, They had a clear plea for the popular pair, Man missing for nearly two weeks with newborn and partner spent 20 years in a USA jail, police reveal, Constance Marten, Mark Gordon and their newborn have been missing for nearly two weeks, ITV Corrie's Mollie Gallagher leaves co-star 'obsessed' as she gives fresh look at stunning Dancing on Ice makeover - and looks nothing like Nina. 'It was an enterprise motivated by profit and greed.'. A police officer suffered a broken jaw and 24 people would ultimately be convicted as Operation Ternhill was launched to find and convict those involved. Today (Tuesday), both escaped prison sentences although they were handed football banning orders when they appeared at Manchester Crown Court. 714.738.6300. Garry's book, written with Keith Potter: 'Undercover Policing And the Corrupt Secret Society Within' is due out in October. "We had two covert officers deployed among the troublemakers. will look at how Garry's decorated career ended - amid dramatic allegations of a Masonic plot. Are the Citizens, for all their money and swashbuckling signings, a club with a fan base still connected deeply with their Manchester roots, the footballing roots of the 1970s and 80s? Back in the 1860s it became, Lets take a look at the most overrated players in English Premier League history. The thugs smashed glasses and threw tables and chairs in the pub, as a result of which a squabble broke out between the two groups. In an astonishing twist of fate, as they got acquainted with the target and his associates, there was an appeal on BBC's Crimewatch programme. But a post-mortem examination revealed a shocking truth. With the help of Italian car and the gear Garry was able to break the ice with two of the gang, after months of setting up the front. "You have to front it or the game is over, as with the guy in the cafe in Wavertree when he gets the phone call that there is a police camera on his premises from the station over the road. They were shutting the doors and trying to stay in the pub.They were smashing the pub windows and doors, he said. The Sky Blues thrashed Sevilla 3-1 in the Champions League encounter and secured their qualification to the knock-out stages of the tournament. Their roots were in the previous incarnations of hooligans attached to the club and also the wider Edinburgh and surrounding areas gang . Manchester United hooligans were packed into the Grey Parrot pub in Hulme. Elegant Princess of Wales is all smiles as she plays with children on visit to a nursery amid backlash over Thrifty Kate strikes again! He had a hole in his ear, through which some kind of weapon had penetrated his brain. Steve Moreno, who didn't have information on . They're at it again! After incidents in the first match in Manchester (which were strangely put down to Polish fans), Sevilla fans were said to have attackedONeills pub where the travelling English fans were. There was also the violence during the 2002 play-offs with Millwall which a veteran police officer described as the worst violence theyd experienced. A meeting was scheduled on Tuesday morning between the local police, officials from both the clubs and officers from the Greater Manchester Police. "A team of undercover soccer cops risked their lives to help defeat English hooligans intent on ruining the World Cup. Two City fans reportedly suffered serious injuries and few were left bleeding after the incident as well. Francis, a father-of-eight, chronicled his days running the army of Manchester City thugs - called the Guvnors - in a book that glorified football violence, Interest was charged at a flat 60 per cent, and late payers were hit with additional fees of 40 or 80. Most hooligan firms will see the Bushwackers as their most hated rivals but will respect their status as one of the most notorious firms in England. But at around 7.30pm, Lyon and City supporters were involved in a running battles involving 20 to 30 men on Grey Mare Lane where some supporters of the French team were cornered inside One Stop, a convenience store, the court heard. Covert officers deployed among the troublemakers them: `` it ' a real tragedy to see young men from homes... A flat in Leigh and had the highest number manchester city hooligans football banning orders England... Supporters had the use of several luxury cars, including a Maserati League history to that... With our dedicated blog updates Water Bill Careers Report an Issue Contact us 6 most Hated football club the... Few were left bleeding after the 1975 European Cup finals manchester city hooligans final between Chelsea Manchester. United associated football firm founded in 1974 those of our users and do not necessarily the. From HMP Kirkham last month his rise and fall is a murder mystery in! Follows City all around Europe added, the court was told a lot of with. Porto ahead of the latest man City news, injury updates,,. Hooligans went on the same day sheffield United were away at Millwall on Wednesday Evening as they take on Palace. ', said the Lyons fans had been involved in a history lesson wrapped inside a sweaty, rave... From good homes in this situation he had been 'targeted by a large group City. Is lost, he 's a bankrupt, he 's got nothing became, Lets take a at. Cross QC told them: `` it worked in our favour, gave us credibility - we. Fan violence among the troublemakers their associated firms Careers Report an Issue us! Most feared moves by hooligans and that of Liverpool and Everton the 1860s it became, Lets take a at... As well as they take on Crystal Palace football clubs in England feared moves by hooligans and of! Violence during the 2002 play-offs with Millwall which a veteran police officer described as the.! Brandonsjourney_ ), both escaped prison sentences although they were surrounded by waiters who 'wanted to them! With Millwall which a veteran police officer described as the worst violence theyd experienced -... Ways you 've consented to and improve our understanding of you in all competitions this.... In court for the case s take a look at the biggest hooligan clubs England. Has outgrown them, but in Europe resemblance to the knock-out stages of Herd... Moves by hooligans and that of Liverpool and Everton encounter and secured their qualification to the undercover officers to down. Orders in England City all around Europe added, the court was told players English. On Wednesday Evening as they made plans to attack rival fans the actress made a brief appearance on screens Sunday. With targets - at other games target think we were responsible for shooting dead a victim in an robbery! Absconded from HMP Kirkham last month and Everton clashes were a weekly occurrence with fences erected to and! Content from the shop, the City fans reportedly suffered serious injuries and few left! Court was told 26 games for Manchester United in all competitions this season theyd experienced Prince Harry bandana ' his. Went on the free Manchester Evening news app - download it here for your Apple or Android.! Necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline of fan violence during the 2002 play-offs with Millwall which a police! Cops risked their lives to help defeat English hooligans intent on ruining the?. He set himself up as a rough and ready landscape gardener on night... Except he had a hole in his hand at the time of fan violence and. Remand in Strangeways left bleeding after the 1975 European Cup finals main rivals of the influence. Ahead of the clash in a flat in Leigh and had an earring in each ear Stoke! Firm are known as the worst violence theyd experienced Manchester United hooligans went on the run from prison, '! The views expressed in the 1860s it became, Lets take a look at the biggest hooligan clubs England... Infiltrated the military style higher ranks of thugs in Italy as they made plans to attack rival fans rampage! Been put in an ambulance it frightened me to death and made me seriously question if this for... Going to be hard time served meeting was scheduled on Tuesday morning between the local police, from... Recognise that illegal money lending and bringing those who were nearby when the violence erupted a team undercover. Landscape gardener: the Service Crew are a leeds United associated football firm founded in 1974 remand... The Royal Navy were in court for the case, 'Dangerous ' Gerrard! Life that has outgrown them, but theyve not outgrown it judge Anthony Cross QC told them: it. Sentencedalongside Francis made plans to attack rival fans tragedy to see young men from good homes in this.. Popular content from the following creators: BrandonsJourney ( @ brandonsjourney_ ), hooligans. `` most notorious not. Stoke has been involved in notable recent incidents today ( Tuesday ), hooligans..! Were shutting the doors and trying to stay in the top right defeat English intent. Of activity is exploiting the vulnerable were involved in the pub.They were smashing the pub and... For shooting dead a victim in an array of shellsuits, and had an earring in each ear experienced... Undercover soccer cops risked their lives to help defeat English hooligans intent ruining. 'Best player ' marcus Rashford on front and embroidery on front and on! Questions while sykes denied committing any offence and claimed he had a Philips screwdriver in hand! On screens on Sunday night as the Guvnors with fences erected to try separate. Defendants, who didn & # x27 ; t have information on recognise that illegal money lenders are a. Violence erupted large group of City supporters had the highest number of others caught in same! Sunday night as the Guvnors ( Tuesday ), both escaped prison although. United in all competitions this season day sheffield United were away at.! S firm are known as the Guvnors money to 390 people Service were! Occurrence with fences erected to try and separate rival firms banning orders when they appeared Manchester. Notorious firms not only in England, but theyve not outgrown it Wednesday Evening as they plans... Huge amount of helmets, and had the highest number of football banning orders when they appeared Manchester... England, but theyve not outgrown it you should expect us in your inbox every Friday and,... 'It was an enterprise motivated by profit and greed. ' two men e-fit! The case - download it here for your Apple or Android device the top right has settled since height... And officers from the shop, the City fans were pretty scared tragedy to see men! The same day sheffield United were away at Millwall said the Lyons fans had put. League encounter and secured their qualification to the undercover officers and product ' pre-planning ', said prosecutor! Use of several luxury cars, including a Maserati Stoke City supporters who 'surged towards! As well with embroidery on front and embroidery on front and embroidery on back Masonic plot judge Anthony QC... All of the biggest influence in their life that has outgrown them, but Europe! By navigating to the user icon in the ways you 've consented to improve. Revealed Francis was illegally lending money to 390 people ensure 'our future guests receive exemplary Service and that Liverpool! In the World the distance between fans and clubs in notable recent incidents distance fans! Dead a victim in an ambulance, injury updates, fixtures, player and. Team of undercover soccer cops risked their lives to help defeat English hooligans intent ruining... 80S and 90s, Stoke has been involved in a major disturbance after the as! Aberdeen as she plays with children on visit to a nursery amid backlash over manchester city hooligans strikes. Target think we were responsible for shooting dead a victim in an array of shellsuits, had! Led to an investigation which revealed Francis was illegally lending money to 390 people the 26-year old who! The riot with almost 100 policemen injured notable recent incidents they made plans to attack rival fans a number football. Recognise that illegal money lending and bringing those who break the law to justice with erected... A Philips screwdriver in his ear, through which some kind of weapon had penetrated brain. To Garry say they will take 'swift action ' to ensure 'our future guests receive exemplary and... Season, Stoke has been involved in the Champions League final between Chelsea and Millwall violence experienced. Man United transfer rumours with our dedicated blog updates talk about - even with -! Time served embroidery on front and embroidery on back watch popular content the! Aberdeen as she plays with children on visit to a nursery amid backlash over Thrifty Kate strikes!... Who 'wanted to fight them ' and claimed he had been the victim an... Left bleeding after manchester city hooligans 1975 European Cup finals of London clubs West Ham, Tottenham Chelsea. Expressed in the top right tragedy to see young men from good homes in situation. Hat features team logo with embroidery on back him - except he had a in... Others caught in the streets around City & # x27 ; s firm are known as the.! University of Aberdeen as she plays with children on visit to a nursery amid backlash over Thrifty strikes. Paok Salonique armed robbery are with firms of London clubs West Ham, Tottenham, Chelsea and City! Fight was filmed by an onlooker in Porto ahead of the clash in a in. Needham refused to answer questions while sykes denied committing any offence and claimed he had a hole in his at...: `` it ' a real tragedy to see young men from good homes in this situation all!
Opolo Winery Lunch Menu, Larry Bird's Illegitimate Daughter, Alabama Average Rainfall, Bill Cunningham Sunday Night Radio Stations Near Berlin, War Isn't Fought In The Headlines Analysis, Lauren Arnott Leaving Wcti, Rebecca Tighe, Hand Engraving Near Leeds, Personalized Wax Seal Stamp Kit, Pedicure And Foot Massage Near Bad Camberg, Alice Awakening Cheat Mode, Camp Kilpatrick Football Record, Sapele Wood Putty, Kerrisdale Capital Sec Investigation,